Rectal Cancer

Abnormal growth of cells in the rectum

Overview

Rectal cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the rectum or last part of the large intestine. There is an abnormal growth of cells in the inner lining of the rectum leading to the formation of tumors. The surgical procedure for rectal cancer can be complex because it is a narrow passage but advanced treatments have made it possible to treat it completely.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of rectal cancer are:

Diarrhea

Constipation

Bloody Stools

Weight Loss

Abdominal Pain

Fatigue

Causes

Rectal cancer can be caused due to:

Diagnosis

Other than the regular physical checkup a doctor may advise one or more than of the following tests to determine the best treatment. Tests can include:

Colonoscopy

Blood Tests

CT Scan

Biopsy

When to See a Doctor

Make an appointment right away if any worrisome symptoms appear.

Treatment

Treatment for rectal cancer will depend on its stage, location, and patient’s overall health. Usually, surgery is the mainstay of the treatment. If the cancer is at an early stage, small tumors can be removed with the help of colonoscopy.

Tumors present in the upper and middle portion of the rectum can be removed by laparoscopic low anterior resection (TME). In this procedure, the cancer cells are removed and the ends of the rectum are joined together again.

For treating the cancer of the lower rectum, Laparoscopic Extra-Levator Abdomino-Perineal Excision (ELAPE) procedure is recommended by the doctors. This involves removing the rectum, anus, some part of the colon, and its surrounding tissue and lymph nodes. After that colostomy is performed to attach the colon again. This can be performed by both open and minimally invasive techniques.

Risks, Complications & Preventions

It is not possible to eliminate the risk of developing rectal cancer completely. However, it can be prevented by avoiding excessive smoking, drinking, maintaining a healthy weight, and including lots of fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet.