Cysts of Ovary

Clinical problem affecting women of all ages

Overview

Ovarian cyst is a common clinical condition which affects women of all ages. Ovarian cysts are fluid filled sacs in an ovary or on its surface.

Symptoms

Normally, ovarian cysts don’t have any symptoms. However, signs or symptoms may appear when the cyst grows in size. Symptoms can include:

Abdominal Bloating/Swelling

Painful Intercourse

Irregular & Painful Menstrual Cycles

Pain in Abdomen

Causes

Ovarian cysts related to menstrual cycle are known as functional cysts. During the menstrual cycle, the egg grows in the follicle. Normally, a follicle (a sack inside the ovaries) opens up to release an egg but if it doesn’t open up, the fluid in the follicle can form a cyst on the ovary.

Other types of ovarian cysts are dermoid cyst, cystadenomas and endometriomas.

Diagnosis

Ovarian cyst can be identified through a pelvic examination but a doctor may suggest the following tests if swelling on ovaries is detected. Tests may include:

Ultrasound

MRI

CT Scan

When to See a Doctor

Make an appointment right away if any worrisome symptoms appear.

Treatment

Mostly ovarian cysts go away on their own and do not require any treatment. Ovarian cysts which grow in size become functional cysts and have to be removed through a laparoscopic surgical procedure. The benefits of laparoscopy in this condition include better preservation of fertility, quicker recovery, and better cosmetic outcome.

Risks, Complications & Preventions

Risks of developing an ovarian cyst are increased in patients with hormonal problems, pelvic infection or pregnancy. A routine pelvic checkup is important to ensure there are no unusual cysts as they can be cancerous.

Ovarian cysts cannot be prevented. However, routine gynecological check ups can help identify one at an early stage.